A booster dose of coronavirus vaccine (COVID-19) can help improve the protection you have before the first 2 doses of the vaccine. Booster doses can also be used after infections. In this regard, the British National Health Service recommends that people wait 28 days after receiving a positive test for COVID-19 before receiving a booster injection. Evidence shows that getting the vaccine after you recover from a COVID-19 infection provides extra protection for your immune system.
This will help provide long-term protection against the serious COVID-19 disease. The booster dose is an additional dose of the vaccine to an earlier dose. After the initial vaccination, the booster dose is re-exposed to the immunizing antigen. It is designed to increase resistance to this antigen back to the level of protection after memory against this antigen decreases over time. For example, tetanus boosters are usually recommended every 10 years when anti-tetanus memory cells lose their function or undergo apoptosis. The need for revaccination after primary vaccination has been assessed in several ways. One method is to measure disease-specific antibody levels several years after the main dose. Anamnestic response, the rapid production of antibodies at the antigen stimulus, is a common way of measuring the need for a booster dose of a particular vaccine. If the anamnestic response to the primary vaccine is high many years ago, the booster dose is likely to be small or no longer needed. Humans can also measure the active activity of B and T cells against the antigen long after administration of the primary vaccine or determine the prevalence of the disease in the vaccinated population. If a patient receives a booster dose but already has high levels of an antibody, a reaction called Arthus's reaction, a local form of type III hypersensitivity caused by high levels of IgG antibodies that cause inflammation, may develop. The inflammation usually resolves on its own within a few days, but can be completely prevented by prolonging the time between the main vaccine and the booster dose.
It is not yet clear why some vaccines, such as hepatitis A and B, are effective in life and others, such as tetanus, need boosters. The prevailing theory is that if the immune system responds quickly to the primary vaccine, the body will not be able to adequately develop immunological memory against the disease, and memory cells will not retain much during human life. Following the primary response of the immune system to the vaccine, memory T helper cells and B cells maintain relatively constant levels in the germinal centers and continue cell division slowly to no longer rapidly. While these cells have been around for a long time, they usually do not undergo mitosis, and in the long run, the loss of these cells is greater than the rate of gain. In these cases, a booster dose is needed to "improve" the memory B and T cells again. Who can get a booster dose of COVID-19. Anyone aged 16 years or older who received a second dose of COVID-19 at least 3 months ago can receive a booster dose. Some children aged 12 to 15 may receive a booster dose if they have a disease that puts them at high risk for COVID-19, or if they live with someone with a weakened immune system.
If you are not sure whether you or your child is at high risk. If you are taking the 3rd dose of COVID-19 because you have or have a severely weakened immune system, you will receive a booster dose (fourth dose) 3 months after the 3rd dose. Israel first launched Pfizer booster vaccines - BionTech COVID-19 for at-risk populations in July 2021. It was extended to the rest of Israel's population in August. Efficacy against serious diseases in Israel is lower in people who were vaccinated in January or April than in those who were vaccinated in February or March. In the first 3 weeks of August 2021, after the booster doses were approved and began to spread widely, a short-term protective effect was proposed for the third dose (relative to the two doses).
In the United States in the summer of 2021, the CDC launched booster doses of immunocompromised individuals and was originally scheduled to give adults a third dose of COVID-19 in early September 2021. their second dose (for those who received two doses of the vaccine). After more data on the long-term efficacy of the vaccine and the delta variant came to light, the CDC finally made the recipients eligible for revaccination 6 months after the second dose, at the end of October. Subsequently, vaccinations in the country skyrocketed.
In September 2021, the UK Joint Vaccination and Immunization Committee recommended revaccination for over 50 years and at-risk groups, especially Pfizer-BionTech, which means that about 30 million adults should receive a third dose. The launch of the booster in the United Kingdom was extended to more than 40 years in November 2021.
Russian Sputnik vaccine In COVID-19 using AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine technology, the COVID-19 booster called Sputnik Light was introduced in November 2021, according to a study by the Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. variant. It can be combined with all other vaccines and can be more effective with mRNA vaccines than with mRNA boosters.
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